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Interior of Earth

The Earth have following layers: 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core Crust is the uppermost layer of the Earth. Its total thickness varies from 30-50 km. Its main constituents are Silicon and Aluminium and hence also called SIAL . There are 2 types of Crust- Continental and Oceanic. Continental Crust is thicker than Oceanic Crust. Thickness of Continental crust varies from 50-70 Km and that of Oceanic crust varies from 5-30 Km. Crust is further divided into Upper and Inner Crust. The discontinuity b/w Upper and Inner crust is known as Conard discontinuity. Below the Crust, the Mantle extends  to a depth of 2900 km. The main constituents of Mantle are Silicon and Magnesium and hence it is also called SIMA . It is further divided into Upper and lower mantle.  Together the Crust and upper part of Mantle which is in solid state, form ' Lithosphere '. Lithosphere floats over a highly viscous substance called Asthenosphere . Asthenosphere is main source of magma. The disconti...
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Geomorphology: Mountains

NOTE: Magma is molten rock below Earth's crust. Lava is magma that has reached the earth's surface. A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak. Types of mountains: 1. Fold Mountains: They are formed when two continental plates or one continental and one oceanic plate move towards each other at a convergent plate boundary. When the two plates collide the sedimentary deposits along the edges of Continental plates are forced to fold and hence folded mountains are formed. e.g. Himalyas. 2. Block mountains: They are formed due to faulting. They are not true mountains as they are formed by differential settlement of land mass. There is no actual upliftment taking place as in case of fold mountains. Middle part of any land mass gets  lowered resulting into relatively raising of adjoining landmasses or Lowering of landmasses on either sides resulting into relatively raising of middle landmass. ...
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Universe and the Earth: Universe consists of millions of Galaxies. Galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of solar systems, stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust and dark matter. The name of our Galaxy is Milky Way Galaxy. Age of Universe is said to be 13.7 billion years. Structure of Universe: 1. Galaxy: Large group of many Solar Systems. On basis of shape there are 3 type of galaxies:  i. Spiral  ii. Elliptical  iii. Irregular. 2. Solar System: Solar system is the collection of 8 planets, asteroids, kuiper belt, dwarf planets, meteoroids, comets and interplanetary dust with Sun at the centre. There are mainly 3 theories regarding origin of Universe: 1. Big bang theory: It was proposed by George Lemaitre. According to this theory the Universe is formed due to the expansion of a hot, condensed single point called 'point of Singularity'. Initially the Universe permeated energy. Some of this energy is transformed into particles like Hydroge...
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