LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Rural Local Government:
PANCHAYATI RAJ
The term Panchayti Raj in India signifies the system of
rural local self-government. It has been established in all the states of India
by the Acts of the State Legislatures to build democracy at the grass root
level. It is entrusted with rural development.
It was constituationlised through the 73rd Constitutional
Amendment Act 1992.
A village or a group of villages, formed a panchayat of
elected representatives, a few Panchayats formed a Panchayat Samiti and the
various Panchayat Samities of a district were governed by a Zila Parishad and
these three institutions had a three fold purpose :
(i) to be autonomous and self governing to some extent.
(ii) to play an effective role in drawing up the 5 year
plans.
(iii) to have scope for initiative and readjustment in
implementing the plans to suit local needs.
Evolution of Panchayati Raj
•• The Narasimha Rao Government introduced the Constitutional
Amendment Bill in the Lok Sabha in September, 1991.
•• It was passed by the Parliament in 1992. Later it was
approved by the 17 State Assemblies and received the assent of the President of
India in, 1993.
•• Thus, it emerged as the 73rd
Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 and
came into force on 24th April, 1993.
•• Rajasthan was the first state to establish the
institution of Panchayati Raj in Nagaur District in 1959. Rajasthan was
followed by Andhra Pradesh.
1. Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957)
•• It was set up to examine the working of the Community
Development Programme (1952) and the National Extension Service (1953).
•• Recommendations:
(i) Three-tier
Panchayati Raj system: Gram
Panchayat at the Village level, Panchayat Samiti at the block level, Zila
Parishad at the district level.
(ii) Village Panchayat is directly elected, while the
Panchayat Samiti and Zila Parishad constituted with indirectly elected members.
(iii) Panchayat Samiti is the executive body, while the Zila
Parishad is the advisory, coordinating and supervisory body.
(iv) The District Collector should be the Chairman of the
Zila Parishad.
(v) Sufficient resources should be transferred to these
bodies to enable them to discharge their functions.
Note: The
recommendations of Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957) were accepted by the
National Development Council in 1958.
2. K Santhanam Committee
The K Santhanam Committee was appointed to look solely at
the issue of PRI finance, in 1963.
Recommendations:
•• Panchayats should have special powers to levy special tax
on land revenues, home taxes, etc.
•• All grants and subventions at the state level should be
mobilised and sent in a consolidate form to various PRIs.
•• A Panchayati Raj finance corporation should be set-up to
look into the financial resource of PRIs at all levels, provide loans and
financial assistance to these grassroots level governments and also provide
non-financial requirements of villages.
3. Ashok Mehta Committee
In December 1977, the Janata Government appointed a Committee on Panchayati
Raj Institutions under the Chairmanship of Ashok Mehta. It submitted its report
in August, 1978 and made recommendations to revive and strengthen the declining
Panchayati Raj System in the country.
Recommendations:
•• The three-tier system of the Panchayati Raj should be replaced by two-tier system, that is, the Zila Parishad
at the district level and below it the Mandal Panchayat
consisting of a group of villages
comprising a population upto 20,000.
•• The Zila Parishad should be the executive body and be made
responsible for planning at the district level.
•• The Panchayati
Raj Institutions should have Compulsory powers for
taxation to mobilise their own financial resources.
•• The Nyaya
Panchayats should be kept as separate bodies from
that of development Panchayats.
•• A minister for the Panchayati Raj should be appointed in
the State Council of Ministers to look after the affairs of the Panchayati Raj
Institutions.
•• Seats for the SCs and the STs should be reserved on the basis of their population.
4. G V K Rao Committee
The Committee on Administrative Arrangement for Rural
Development and Poverty Alleviation Programmes under the chairmanship of G.V.K.
Rao was appointed by the Planning Commission in 1985.
Recommendations:
The Committee made the following recommendations to
strengthen and revitalise the Panchayati Raj system:
•• “The district is the proper unit for planning and
development and the Zila Parishad should become the principal body for
management of all development programmes which can be handled at that level”.
•• The Panchayati Raj institutions at the district and lower
levels should be assigned an important role with respect to planning,
implementation and monitoring of rural development programmes.
•• A post of District Development Commissioner should be created.
•• Elections to the Panchavati Raj institutions should be
held regularly.
5. LM Singhvi Committee
In 1986, Rajiv Gandhi Government appointed a committee on
the “Revitalisation of the Panchayati
Raj Institutions for democracy and development” under the Chairmanship of LM Singhvi.
Recommendations:
•• The Panchayati
Raj Institutions should be constitutionally recognised,
protected and preserved. It also suggested some constitutional provisions to
ensure regular, free and fair elections to the Panchayati Raj bodies.
•• Nyaya Panchayats should be established for a cluster of
villages.
•• The villages should be organised to make the Gram
Panchayats more viable.
•• The Village Panchayats should have more financial
resources.
•• The judicial tribunals should be established in each state
to eradicate controversies about election to the Panchayati Raj Institutions,
their dissolution and other matters related to their functioning.
Attempts to Make Panchayats Mandatory
i.
Rajiv Gandhi
Government
In July 1989, Rajiv Gandhi Government introduced the 64th
Constitutional Amendment Bill to constitutionalise PRIs, but it was not
approved by Rajya Sabha.
ii.
VP Singh
Government
In November 1989, Prime Ministers VP Singh proposed the
introduction of a fresh Constitutional Amendment Bill and the bill was
introduced in Lok Sabha in September 1990, but it lapsed due to the fall of
government.
iii.
Narsimha Rao
Government
In September 1991, Prime Minister PV Narsimha Rao introduced
the modified proposal of Constitutional Amendment Bill, which finally emerged
as the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 and came into force on 24th
April, 1993.
iv.
73rd Amendment
Act (1992)
•• Added to Part-IX (Articles 243 to 243-O) and the
Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution.
•• 11th Schedule contains 29 functional items and deals
with Article 243-G.
•• The Act has given a practical shape to Article 40. The Act
has brought them under the purview of the justifiable part of the Constitution.
•• State governments are under constitutional obligation to
adopt the new Panchayati raj system in accordance with the provisions of the
Act. However the Panchayati raj system in each state is created through its own
Act.
•• The main provisions of the Act are as follows:
Three-Tier System:
•• Three-tier system with panchayats at the village,
intermediate, and district levels. Panchayat means an institution of
self-government for rural areas.
•• Act brings about uniformity in the structure of Panchayati
raj throughout the country. However a state having a population not exceeding
20 lakhs may not constitute panchayats at the intermediate level.
Gram Sabha (Article 243A)
Gram sabha is the foundation of the Panchayati raj system.
It shall exercise such powers & functions at the village level as the
legislature of a state determines.
Elections to Panchayats
(Article 243C)
•• All the members of Panchayats at the village, intermediate
and district levels shall be elected directly by the people.
•• Chairperson of Panchayat at the village level shall be
elected in such manner as the state legislature determines.
However, the chairperson at the intermediate and district
levels shall be elected indirectly; by and from amongst the elected members
there of.
Qualifications:
•• A person seeking election to the panchayat must possess the
qualifications prescribed for a member of state legislature.
•• Minimum age for
contesting election to the panchayat is 21 year (as against 25 years for State Legislature).
Disqualifications for Membership (Article 243F):
• A person shall be disqualified for being
chosen as, and for being a member of a Panchayat-
(a) If he is so disqualified by or under any law
for the time being in force for the purposes of election, to the Legislature of
the State concerned.
(b) If he is so disqualified by or under any law
made by the Legislature of the State.
• If any question arise as to whether a member
of a Panchayat has become subject to any of the disqualifications mentioned in
clause (1), the question shall be referred for the decision of such authority
and in such manner as the legislature of a State may, by law, provide.
• No person shall be disqualified on the ground
that he is less than twenty-five years, of age, if he has attained the age of
twenty-one years.
• The question regarding disqualification of the
members of panchayat are referred to such authority as may be provided by the
state legislature by law.
State Election Commission:
•• The superintendence,
direction and control of the preparation of lectoral rolls for, and the conduct
of all election to the Panchayats shall be vested in a State Election
Commission consisting of a State Election Commissioner to be appointed by the Governor.
•• Subjects to the
provisions of any law made by the legislature of a State, the conditions of
service and tenure of office of the State Election Commissions shall be such as
the Governor may by rule determine.
•• The State Election
Commissioner shall not be removed from the office except in the manner and on
the grounds prescribed for the removal of a judge of the State High Court.
Reservation of Seats (Article 243D)
•• Reservation of seats for
SCs & STs in every Panchayat (at all levels) in proportion of their
population to the total population in that area. State legislature shall
provide for the reservation of offices of chairpersons in the Panchayat at the
village or any other level for the SCs and STs.
•• Reservation of not
less than one-third of the total number of seats for women (including those reserved for women of SCs and
the STs). Not less than one-third of the total number of offices of
chairpersons in the Panchayats at each level shall be, reserved for women.
•• For any backward classes,
state legislature is authorized to make any provision for reservation.
Powers and Functions (Article 243G)
The State Legislature may endow the Panchayats,
with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function
as institutions of self government. Such a scheme may contain provisions for
the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Panchayats at the
appropriate level with respect to :
•• Preparation of plans for economic development and social justice.
•• the implementation of
schemes for the economic development and social justice as may be entrusted to
them, including those in relation to the 29 matters listed in the Eleventh
Schedule.
The following 29 functional items placed within
the purview of Panchayats are:
1. Agriculture, including agricultural
extension.
2. Land improvement, implementation of land
reforms, land consolidation and soil conservation.
3. Minor irrigation, water management and
watershed development.
4. Animal husbandry, dairying and poultry.
5. Fisheries, social forestry and farm forestry.
6. Minor forest produce.
7. Small-scale industries, including food
processing industries.
8. Khadi, village and cottage industries.
9. Rural housing.
10. Drinking water.
11. Fuel and fodder.
12. Roads, culverts, bridges, ferries, waterways
and other means of communication.
13. Rural electrification, including
distribution of electricity.
14. Non-conventional energy sources.
15. Poverty alleviation programme.
16. Education, including primary and secondary
schools.
17. Technical training and vocational education.
18. Adult and non-formal education.
19. Libraries.
20. Cultural activities.
21. Markets and fairs.
22. Health and sanitation, including hospitals,
primary health centres and dispensaries.
23. Family welfare.
24. Women and child development.
25. Social welfare, including welfare of the
handicapped and mentally retarded.
26. Welfare of the weaker sections and in
particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.
27. Public distribution system.
28. Maintenance of community assets.
29. The act gives a constitutional status to the
Panchayati Raj Institutions.
URBAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Evolution of Urban Local Government in India
•• We have substantial
evidence that the Indus valley civilization had a highly sophisticated and a
well structured Urban culture.
•• During the Mughal responsibility
of administering a city was entrusted on the “Kotwal”.
•• Abul Fazal in his Ain-I-Akbari serialised as many as eight
functions of a Kotowal.
•• In the year 1688, the British administration for the first
time introduced a Municipal corporation in the city of Madras by a charter
granted in 1687.
•• In 1726, the Municipal corporation was converted to a
Mayor’s Court empowering it with the judicial powers and thus it became a
judicial body than an administrative entity.
•• It was only in 1793, that the Municipal administration in
India was given the statutory rank when the Charter Act of 1793 was passed.
•• Lord Ripon is considered as the founding father of Urban
Local Self Government.
•• Ripon resolution of 1882 on local self government of with
the bodies, their functions, finances and powers and set the ground work of
local self-government in independent India.
•• In 1906, the Royal commission on Decentralisation was set
up which made public its report in 1908. The Commission made certain noteworthy
recommendations concerning the Municipal bodies.
•• The Government of Inida Act : 1919 made the local self
government or the Municipalities a transferred topic incharge of the Ministers.
•• After independence local bodies were shelkred in the state
list and government by state statutes or in the Union Territories by the Union
Parliament.
•• There are eight types of urban local governments in
India – Municipal Corporation, Municipality,
Notified
Area Committee, Town Area Committee, Cantonment Board,
township, port trust, special purpose agency. At the Central level the subject
of ‘urban local government’ is dealt with by the following three Ministries.
(i) Ministry of Urban Development created as a separate
ministry in 1985.
(ii) Ministry of Defense in the case of cantonment boards.
(iii) Ministry of Home Affairs in the case of Union
Territories.
74th Amendment Act (1992)
•• 74th Amendment Act pertaining to urban local government
was passed during the regime of P.V. Narsimha Rao’s government in 1992. It came
into force on 1st June, 1993.
•• Added Part IX -A and consists of provisions from
articles 243-P to 243-ZG.
•• Added 12th Schedule to the Constitution. It contains
18 functional items of Municipalities and deals with Article 243 W.
•• State governments are under constitutional obligation to
adopt the new system of Municipalities in accordance with the provisions of the
Act.
Municipalities
There are three types of municipalities which are as
follows:
(i) Nagar
panchayat for a transitional area from a rural
area to urban area.
(ii) A municipal
council for a smaller urban area
(iii) A municipal
corporation for a larger urban area.
Municipal Corporation
It is created for the administration of big cities like
Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Bangalore and others. Established in the
States by the Acts of the concerned State Legislatures and in the UTs by the
Acts of the Parliament of India.
Municipal Council
Municipal Council is established for the administration of
towns and smaller cities. They are also set up in the States by the Acts of the
concerned State Legislatures and in the UTs by the Acts of the parliament. They
are also known by various other names like Municipal
Committee, Municipal Board, City municipality and others.
Composition
•• Members shall be elected directly. State legislature may provide the manner of election of the
chairperson of a Municipality.
•• For this purpose, each
Municipal area shall be divided into territorial constituencies to be known as
Wards. It may also provide for the
representation of the following persons in a municipality.
1. Persons having special knowledge or experience in
municipal administration without the right to vote in the meetings of
municipality.
2. The members of the Lok Sabha and the state legislative
assembly representing constituencies that comprise wholly or partly the
municipal area.
3. The members of the Rajya Sabha and the state Legislative
Council registered as electors within
the municipal area.
4. The chairpersons of committees (other than wards
committees).
Wards Committees
Wards committee, consisting of one or more wards, within the
territorial area of a municipality having population of three lakhs or more.
Reservation of Seats (Art. 243 T)
•• For SCs & STs, in proportion of their population to
the total population in that area. For backward classes, state legislature may
make provisions.
•• Reservation of not less than one-third of the total number
of seats for women (including those reserved for women belonging to the SCs and
the STs)
•• State legislature may provide for the manner of
reservation of offices of chairpersons in the municipalities for the SCs, the
STs and the women.
District Planning Committee:
ƒ.
Every state shall constitute a district planning committee to constitutes the
plans prepared by panchayats and municipalities in the district and to prepare
a draft development plan for the district as a whole.
• The Legislature of a state may, by law, make provision, with
respect to —
(a) The composition of the District Planning Committees;
(b) Four-fifths of the members of a district planning
committee should be elected by the elected members of the district panchayat
and municipalities in the district from amongst themselves.
(c) The function relating to district planning which may be
assigned to such committees.
(d) The manner in which the chairpersons of such committees
shall be chosen.
• Every District Planning Committee shall, in preparing the draft
development plan, have regard to:
(a) (i) matters of common interest between the panchayats and
the municipalities including spatial planning sharing of water and other
physical and natural resources, the integrated development of infrastructure
and environmental conservation.
(ii) the extent and type of available resources whether financial
or otherwise.
(b) Consult such institutions and organizations as the
Governor may, by order specify.
• The chairperson of every District Planning Committee shall
forward the development plan, as recommended by
such committee, to the Government of the State.
Disqualifications for Membership:
• A person shall be disqualified for being chosen as, and
for being a member of a municipality-
(a) If he is so disqualified by as under any law for the
time being in force for the purposes of election to the legislature of the
state concerned provided that no person shall be disqualified on the ground
that he is less than twenty-five years of age, he has attained
the age of twenty-one years;
(b) If he is so disqualified by or under any law made by the
legislature of the state.
• If any question arises as to whether a member of a
municipality has become subject to any of the disqualifications
mentioned in clause (1), the question shall be referred for the
decision of such authority and in such manner as the legislature of a State
may, by law, provide.
Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters
Not with standing anything in this constitution-
• The validity of any law relating to the delimitation of
constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies made or
purporting to be made under article 243ZA, shall not be called in question in
any court.
• No election to any municipality shall be called in
question except by an election petition presented to such authority and in such
manner as is provided for by or under any law made by the Legislature of a
state.
Duration of Municipalities:
Five-year term. However,
it can be dissolved before the completion of its term. Further, the fresh
election to constitute a municipality shall be completed (i) before the expiry
of its duration of five year; or (ii) in case of dissolution before the expiry of
a period of six months from the date of its dissolution.
Powers and Functions:
Under Article
243(W), subject to the provisions of this Constitution,
the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow:
•• The municipalities with such powers and authority as may be
necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self government and
such law may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and
responsibilities upon municipalities, subject to such conditions as may be
specified therein, with respect to:
·
the preparation of plans for economic
development and social justice.
·
the performance of functions and the
implementation of schemes as my be entrusted to them including
those in relation to the matters listed in Twelfth Schedule.
•• The committees with such powers and authority as may be necessary
to enable them to carry out the responsibilities conferred upon them including
those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule.
Twelfth Schedule
It contains 18 functional items which is covered in Article 243 (W). They
are as follows:-
•• Urban planning including town planning.
•• Regulation of land use and construction of buildings.
•• Planning for economic and social development.
•• Roads and bridges.
•• Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial
purposes.
•• Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste
management.
•• Fire services.
•• Urban forestry, protection of the environment and
promotion of ecological aspects.
•• Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society,
including the handicapped and mentally retarded.
•• Slum improvement and upgradation.
•• Urban poverty alleviation.
•• Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks,
gardens, and playgrounds.
•• Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects.
•• Burials and burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds
and electric crematoriums.
•• Cattle pounds; prevention of cruelty to animals.
•• Vital statistics including registration of births and
deaths.
•• Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots,
bus stops and public conveniences.
•• Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries.
Finance Commission:
•• Consituted after every five years, review the financial
position of municipalities and make recommendation to
the Governor.
•• The distribution of net proceeds of taxes, duties, tolls
and fees between State Municipalities, which are levied by the State.
•• Central Finance Commission shall also suggest the measures
needed to augment the Consolidated Fund of a State
to supplement the resources of the Municipalities in the
State.
Application to Union Territories
•• President of India may direct that the provisions of this
act shall apply to any Union Territory subject to such exceptions and
modifications as he may specify.
Areas Kept Out side 74th Amendment Act
•• Scheduled areas and tribal areas referred in Article 244
of the Indian Constitution.
•• It shall also not affect the functions and powers of the
Darjeeling, Gorkha Hill Council of the West Bengal.
Structure of Urban Local Government in India
There are eight types of Urban Local bodies that are created
in India for the administration of urban areas. These are
as follows:
1. Municipal Corporation:
Municipal Corporation are for the big cities like Delhi,
Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Bengaluru and others.
These are established by the Acts of State Legislature and
the Parliament in case of Union Territories. A Municipal
Corporation has three authorities.
(i) T he Council
It is a deliberative and legislative wing of the
corporation.
It has councilors, directly elected by the people.
The council is headed by the Major and he/she is assisted by
a Deputy Major who is elected for 1 year with renewable term.
(ii) T he Standing Committees
lt is created to facilitate the working of the Council.
These committees deal with public works, education, health,
taxation, finance, etc.
(iii) The Municipal Commissioner
The Commissioner is responsible for the implementation of
the decisions taken by the Council and its standing
committees. The Commissioner is appointed by the State
Government. So, that he is the chief executive authority of
the Municipal Corporation. Generally, the Commissioner is a
member of the IAS cadre.
2. Municipality
The Municipalities are established for the administration of
towns and small cities. Like the corporation, they are also established by the
Act of State Legislature and the Parliament.
Municipality has three authorities :
(i) The Council
(ii) The Standing Committees
(iii) The Chief Executive Officer. All the authorities have
same functions as the corporation has.
3. Notified Area Committee
It is any land area earmarked by legal provision for future
development. It is set-up by government notification and
not a legislation.
All its members and Chairman are appointed by the State
Government and not elected. It is set-up in area where
municipality is not feasible, but potential for fast
development is there.
4. Town Area Committee
It is set-up by an Act of State Legislature and can have
both elected and nominated members. It is quasi-municipality with limited
number of Municipal functions like street/lighting, sanitation, etc.
5. Cantonment Board
They are autonomous bodies functioning under the overall
control of the Ministry of Defence. These boards comprise elected members
besides ex-officio and nominated members with the station commander as the
President of the Board.
The resources of these boards are limited as the bulk of the
property is owned by government on, which no tax can
be levied.
Thus, the Central Government provides financial assistance
by way of grants-in-aid. The boards are responsible
for discharging the mandatory duties like provision of
public health, sanitation, primary education and street lighting etc.
6. Township
The township is established to provide civic amenities to
its staff and workers who live in the housing colonies built
near the plant by the large public enterprises.
The township is headed by the town administrator, appointed
by the enterprises, he/she is assisted by some
engineers and other technical and non-technical staff. It
shows the bureaucratic structure of the enterprises.
7. Port Trust
The Port Trusts are established in the port areas such as
Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, etc. These are established for
the following purposes:
– To manage and protect the ports.
– To provide civic amenities.
The port trust is established by an Act of the Parliament.
It has both elected and nominated members. Its Chairman is an official and its
civic functions are more or less similar to those of a municipality.
8. Special Purpose Agency
•• Above all seven area based urban bodies, the states have set-up
certain agencies to undertake designated activities
or specific functions. The special purpose agencies are established
for single purpose. Some such bodies are as
follows :
•• Town improvement trusts
– Water supply and sewerage boards.
– Urban development authorities.
– Housing boards.
– Pollution control boards
– Electricity supply boards.
– City transport boards.
•• These bodies are created as statutory bodies by an Act of
State Legislature or as department by an executive resolution.
•• They function as autonomous bodies and are not subordinate
agencies of the local municipal bodies.
Co-operatives
In 1958, the National Development Council (NDC) had ‘recommended
a national policy on co-operatives. Jawaharlal Nehru had a strong faith in the
co-operative movement. In 2011, the cooperatives were given constitutional
status by the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011. Co-operatives have been
inserted in Part IXB covering Articles
243 ZH-ZT.
Incorporation of co-operative societies (Article 243ZI) subject
to the provisions of this part, the Legislature of a State may by law make
provisions with respect to the incorporation, regulation and winding up of
co-operative societies based on the principles of voluntary formation,
democratic control, economic participation and autonomous functioning.
Audit of Accounts of Co-operative Societies (Article 243 ZM):
The Legislature of a State may by law, make provisions with
respect to the maintenance of accounts by the cooperative societies and the
auditing of such accounts atleast once in each financial year.
The accounts of every cooperative society shall be audited within
6 months of the close of the financial year to which such accounts relate.
Number and Term of Members of Board and its Office
Bearers (Article 243 ZJ):
•• The board shall consist of such number of directors as may
be provided by the Legislature of a State by law. The
maximum number of directors of a cooperative society shall
not exceed twenty-one.
•• The Legislature of a State shall by law provide for
reservation of one seat for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes and
two seats for women on board of every cooperative society.
•• The term of office of elected members of the board and its
office bearers shall be 5 years from the date of election.
The Legislature of a State shall, by law, make provisions for
persons to be members of the board having experience in the fields of banking,
management, finance or specialisation in any other field relating to the
objects and activities undertaken by the cooperative society as members of the
board.
Election of Members of Board (Article 243 ZK):
The superintendence, direction and control of the
preparation of electoral rolls for and the conduct of all elections to a cooperative
society shall vest in such an authority or body, as may be provided by the
Legislature of a State by law.
Central Council of Local Government:
•• The Central Council of Local Government was set-up in 1954.
It was constituted under Article 263 of the Constitution of India by an order
of the President of India.
•• The Council is an advisory body. It consists of the
Minister for Urban Development in the Union and for local
self-government in the state. The Chairman of the Council is
the Union Minister. The Council has following functions:
·
Considering and recommending the policy
matters.
·
Making proposals for legislation.
·
Drawing up a common programme of
action.
·
Examining the possibility of
cooperation between the Centre and the States.
·
Recommending Central Financial
Assistance.
·
Reviewing the work done by the local
bodies with the Central Financial Assistance.
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